by Pharmapproach in Clinical Pharmacy
Medical abbreviations and acronyms represent “acceptable” terms used by physicians and other health care professionals commonly as a reference to rapidly search and accurately record information about, and give instructions to their patients. They are commonly used due to the tremendous gains in efficiency and the ability to cover numerous medically related concepts with minimal space.
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In order to avoid ambiguity which may likely to lead to an error, it is best to understand the context in which the abbreviation is used as there is no standard or approved list used by health care professionals to search for medical acronyms or abbreviations. Also, individual medical facilities may provide their own list of acceptable terms and abbreviations that may not be used elsewhere.
This article, therefore, contains a comprehensive list of common medical abbreviations and their meaning. These are by no means exhaustive.
Contents
1 A – Medical abbreviations 2 B – Medical abbreviations 3 C – Medical abbreviations 4 D – Medical abbreviations 5 E – Medical abbreviations 6 F – Medical abbreviations 7 G – Medical abbreviations 8 H – Medical abbreviations 9 I – Medical abbreviations 10 J – Medical abbreviations 11 K – Medical abbreviations 12 L – Medical abbreviations 13 M – Medical abbreviations 14 N – Medical abbreviations 15 O – Medical abbreviations 16 P – Medical abbreviations 17 Q – Medical abbreviations 18 R – Medical abbreviations 19 S – Medical abbreviations 20 T – Medical abbreviations 21 U – Medical abbreviations 22 V – Medical abbreviations 23 W – Medical abbreviations 24 X – Medical abbreviations 25 Y – Medical abbreviations 26 Z – Medical abbreviations 27 References A – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning A & E Accident and Emergency A & P Auscultation and percussion A & W Alive and well AAROM Active assistive range of motion Ab Antibody AB/ab Abortion ABC Aspiration, biopsy, cytology abd Abdomen ABG Arterial blood gas ACTH Adrenocorticotrophic hormone AD Alzheimer’s disease ADD Attention-deficit disorder ADH Antidiuretic hormone ADHD Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ADL Activities of daily living AI Accidental injury AID Artificial insemination donor AIDS Acquired immune deficiency syndrome AJ Ankle jerk AKA Above the knee amputation ALS Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis AMA Against medical advice AMI Acute myocardial infarction AN Anorexia nervosa/antenatal ANA Antinuclear antibodies ANS Autonomic nervous system APH Antepartum haemorrhage APM Anterior poliomyelitis ARF Acute renal failure ARM Artificial rupture of membranes AS Left ear AST Aspartate transaminase formerly called SGOT AU Both ears
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B – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning Ba E Barium enema Ba M Barium meal BBT Basal body temperature BCC Basal cell carcinoma BCG Bacille-Calmette-Guerin (vaccine for TB) BI bony injury/bodily injury BID Brought in dead BM Bowel movement BMI Body mass index BMR Basal metabolic rate BNO Bladder neck obstruction BO Bowels open/body odour BOA Born on arrival BP, B/P Blood pressure BPH Benign prostatic hyperplasia bpm Beats per minute BRP Bathroom privileges BS Bowel sounds BSE Breast self-examination BSR Basal sedimentation rate BUN Blood urea nitrogen BW Birth weight Bx/ bx Biopsy
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C – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning C & S, C+S Culture and sensitivity (testing) C Celsius/centigrade; carbon C/O, c/o Complaints of Ca Calcium; cancer CABG Coronary artery bypass graft CAD Coronary artery disease CAO Chronic airways obstruction cath Catheter CBC Complete blood count CBD Common bile duct CC Cardiac catheterization, chief complaint, clean catch urine specimen CD Controlled drugs/cadaver donor CDH Congenital dislocation of the hip CF Cardiac failure CHD Congenital heart disease; coronary heart disease CHF Congestive heart failure CIS Carcinoma in situ CNS Central nervous system CO2 Carbon dixoxide COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CP Cerebral palsy; cleft palate CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation CS, C-section Cesarean section CSD Congenital septal defect CSF Cerebrospinal fluid CT Calcitonin, computerized tomography CT scan Computed tomography scan CTA Clear to auscultation CTS Carpal tunnel syndrome CV Cardiovascular; closing volume CVA Cerebrovasular accident; costovertebral angle CVD Cerebrovascular disease CVS Chorionic villus sampling Cx Cervix CXR Chest x-ray
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D – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning D & C Dilatation and curettage (uterine) D & V Diarrhoea and vomiting d/c, DISC Discontinue D5W Dextrose 5% in water DAT Differential agglutination test DC, disc discontinue DI Diabetes insipidus; diagnostic imaging DIC Disseminated intravascular coagulation DJD Degenerative joint disease DKA Diabetes ketoacidosis DLE Disseminated lupus erythematous DM Diabetes mellitus; diastolic murmur DNA Did not attend; deoxyribonucleic acid DNR Do not resuscitate DOA Dead on arrival DOB Date of birth DOE Dyspnea on exertion DPT, DTP Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus injection DRE Digital rectal exam DS Disseminated sclerosis DSA Digital subtraction angiogram DT Delirium tremens DTR Deep tendon reflex DU Duodenal ulcer; diagnosis undetermined DVT Deep vein thrombosis Dx Diagnosis DXRT Deep X-ray therapy
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E – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning ECG Electrocardiography ECHO Echocardiogram ECT Electroconvulsive therapy EDC Expected date of confinement EDD Expected date of delivery EEG Electroencephalography EENT Eyes, ears, nose, throat ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EMG Electromyogram ENT Ear, nose and throat EOM Extraocular movement ER Emergency room; estrogen receptor ERCP Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ESN Educationally subnormal ESR, SR, sed rate Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESRD End-stage renal disease ETOH Ethyl alcohol (ethanol) ETT Exercise tolerance test; endotracheal tube EUA Examination under anaesthetic EUS External urethral sphincter
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F – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning F Fahrenheit; failure F/U, f/u Follow-up FB Foreign body FBC Full blood count FBS Fasting blood sugar FDG-PET Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (nuclear medicine test) FDIU Fetal death in utero Fe Iron FEV Forced expiratory volume FH Family history FHH Fetal heart heard FHNH Fetal heart not heard FHR Fetal heart rate FHT Fetal heart tone Fl, fld Fluid FSH Follicle stimulating hormone FUO Fever of unknown (undetermined) origin Fx, FX Fracture
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G – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning GA General anaesthetia; gallium GB Gallbladder X-ray GC Gonorrhea GCFT Gonorrhea complement fixation test GERD Gastroesophageal reflux disease GFR Glomerular filtration rate GG/gamma gl Gamma globulin GH Growth hormone GHRH Growth hormone release hormone GI Gastrointestinal GOK God only knows! Grav. 1, 2, 3 Gravida – a woman who has had a first, second, or third pregnancy of any duration GTT Glucose tolerance test GU Gastric ulcer/genito-urinary GYN/ gyn Gynecology
H – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning H & L Heart and lungs H & P History and physical (examination) h/o History of HA Headache HAART Highly active antiretroviral therapy Hb, hgb, Hgb Haemoglobin HbA1c Glycosylated hemoglobin (measured to test for diabetes) HbF Fetal haemoglobin HCG, hCG Human chorionic gonadotrophin HEENT Head, ear, eye, nose, throat HGG Human gamma globulin Hib Haemophilus influenza type B HIg Human immunoglobulin HIV Human immunodeficiency virus HPV Human papillomavirus HR Heart rate HRT Hormone replacement therapy HSV-1, HSV-2 Herpes simplex virus type 1, type 2 HTN Hypertension HV Hallux valgus HVS High vaginal swab Hx History
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I – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning I & D Incision and drainage IBS Irritable bowel syndrome ICP Intracranial pressure ICU Intensive care unit IDDM Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus IDK Internal derangement of the knee joint Ig Immunoglobulin IHD Ischaemic heart disease IM Intramuscular INR International normalized ratio (system for reporting results of blood coagulation tests) IOFP Intraocular foreign body IOL Intraocular lens (implant) IOP Intra-ocular pressure IQ Intelligence quotient IRV Inspiratory reserve volume IUD Intrauterine device IV Intravenous IVF in vitro fertilizationIVP Intravenous push
J – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning JRA Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis JV Jugular vein JVP Jugular vein pulse/jugular venous pressure
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K – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning KJ Knee jerk KUB Kidneys, ureters and bladder KVO Keep vein open
L – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning LA Local anesthesia LASER Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation LB Loose body LBW Low birth weight LE Lupus erythematosus; local excision LFD Large for dates (fetus) LFT Liver function tests LG Lymph gland LH Luteinizing hormone LIF Left iliac fossa LIH Left inguinal hernia LLL Left lower lobe LLQ Left lower quadrant LMP Last menstrual period LOA Left occipito-anterior LOC Level; loss of consciousness LOL Left occipito-lateral LOP Left occipito-posterior LP Lumbar puncture LR Lactated ringer’s LRD Living related donor LRTI Lower respiratory tract infection LSCS Lower segment caesarian section LUE Left upper extremity LUL Left upper lobe LUQ Left upper quadrant LVF Left ventricular failure
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M – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning MAC Monitored anesthesia care MAO Maximum acid output (gastric); monoamine oxidase MAOI Monoamine oxidase inhibitor MCH Mean corpuscular haemoglobin MCHC Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration MCV Mean corpuscular volume MH Marital history; mental health MI Myocardial infarction; mitral incompetence MMR measles, mumps and rubella (immunizations) MPV Mean platelet volume MR Mitral regurgitation MRA Magnetic resonance angiography MRI Magnetic resonance imaging MRSA Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus MS Multiple sclerosis; mitral stenosis MSH Melanocyte-stimulating hormone MSSU, MSU Midstream specimen of urine MTD Maximum tolerated dose MTF Male to female MUA Manipulation under anesthesia MVD Mitral valve disease MVP Mitral valve prolapse Mx Mastectomy
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N – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning N & V, N + V, N/V Nausea and vomiting N/A Not applicable NAD No abnormality demonstrated NAI Non-accidental injury NED No evidence of disease NFS No fracture seen/shown NG New growth; nasogastric (tube) NGU Non-gonococcal urethritis NHL Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma NICU Neonatal intensive care unit NIDDM Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus NKA No known allergies NKDA No known drug allergies NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance NND Neonatal death NNMR Neonatal mortality rate NPO, n.p.o Nothing by mouth (nil per os ) NPU Not passed urine NSAIDS Non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs NSR Normal sinus rhythm NSU Non-specific urethritis NSV Non-specific vaginitis NT Not tender (to touch) NTP Normal temperature and pressure NYD Not yet diagnosed
O – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning O & G Obstetrics and gynaecology O.D. Doctor of optometry O2 Oxygen OA Osteoarthritis OB Obstetrics OC Oral contraceptive OCD Obsessive-compulsive disorder OD Right eye OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test OM Otitis media OOB Out of bed OP Out-patient OPD Out-patient department OPV Oral poliomyelitis vaccine OR Operating room OS Left eye OSA Obstructive sleep apnea OT Occupational therapy OTC Over-the-counter OU Both eyes
P – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning PA Pernicious anaemia PAC Premature atrial contraction PBI Protein bound iodine PBU Premature baby unit PCI Percutaneous coronary intervention PCP Pneumocystis pneumonia PCV Packed cell volume PE Physical examination; pulmonary embolus; plasma exchange PEEP Positive end-expiratory pressure PEFR Peak expiratory flow rate PFT Pulmonary function test PG, pg Prostaglandins; pregnant PI Present illness PID Prolapsed intervertebral disc; pelvic inflammatory disease PIFR Peak inspiratory flow rate PKU Phenylketonuria PM Afternoon (post meridiem); postmortem; pacemaker PMA Progressive muscular atrophy PMB Post-menopausal bleeding PMH Past medical history; post-menopausal haemorrhage PMS Premenstrual syndrome PMT Pre-menstrual tension PND Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; postnasal drip PNM Perinatal mortality PO, p.o. Per os (by mouth)POP Plaster of paris PPH Post-partum haemorrhage PR/pr Per rectum PROM Premature rupture of membranes PSA Prostate-specific antigen PTCA Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTH Parathyroid hormone PTR Patient to return PTSD Posttraumatic stress disorder PTT Partial thromboplastin time PU Peptic ulcer; passed urine PUD Peptic ulcer disease PUO Pyrexia of unknown origin PVC Premature ventricular contraction PVD Peripheral vascular disease PVT Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia PWB Partial weight bearing Px Prognosis
Q – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning q Every (quaque) q.d. Each (every) day (quaque die); better to write out “each day,” because can be misread as q.i.d. q.h. each (every) hour (quaque hora ) q2h each (every) two hours (quaque secunda hora ) q.i.d. four times a day (quater in die ) q.n. each (every) night (quaque nox ) q.n.s. quantity not sufficient (quantum non sufficit ) q.s. quantity sufficient (quantum sufficit )
R – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning R/O Rule out R/T Related to RA Rheumatoid arthritis RAO Right anterior oblique RB Recurrent bleed RBC, rbc Red blood cells RDS Respiratory distress syndrome RDS Respiratory distress syndrome RE Rectal examination Rh Rhesus factor RIF Right iliac fossa RIH Right inguinal hernia RL Shunt right-left shunt RLE Right lower extremity RLL Right lower lobe RLQ Right lower quadrant RML Right middle lobe of lung RNA Ribonucleic acid ROA Right occipito-anterior ROM Range of movements; range of motion; rupture of membranes ROP Right occipito-posterior ROS Review of systems ROT Right occipito-transverse RP Retrograde pyelography (urography) RPR Rapid plasma reagin RR Recovery room; respiratory rate RRR Regular rate and rhythm (of the heart) RS Respiratory system RT Radiation therapy; reading test; respiratory therapy RTA Road traffic accident RU Rodent ulcer RUE Right upper extremity RUL Right upper lobe RUQ Right upper quadrant RV Residual volume Rx Treatment; therapy; prescription (recipe, “to take”)
S – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning s/s Signs & symptoms S1 , S2 , S3 , S4 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th heart sounds SAB Systolic arterial blood pressure SAD Seasonal affective disorder SARS Severe acute respiratory syndrome SB Stillbirth; stanford-binet (intelligence) tests SCAN Suspected child abuse or neglect SCBU Special care baby unit SCC Squamous cell carcinoma SCI Spinal cord injury SCIDS Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome SDAT Senile dementia alzheimer’s type SERM Selective estrogen receptor modulator (tamoxifen is an example) SIDS Sudden infant death syndrome sig. “Let it be labeled” (directions or medical instructions) SIRS Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (severe bacteremia) SLE Systemic lupus erythematosus SMR Submucous resection of nasal septum SOAP Subjective (symptoms perceived by the patient) data, objective (exam findings) data, assessment (evaluation of condition), plan (goals for treatment) SOB Shortness of breath SOL Space occupying lesion SPAM Scanning photo-acoustic microscopy STD Sexually transmitted disease STI Sexually transmitted infection STOP Suction termination of pregnancy STYCAR Sheridan tests for young children and retards Sub Q Subcutaneous injection SUD Sudden unexpected death Sx Symptoms Sym Symmetrical Sz Seizure
T – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning T & A Tonsils and adenoids T1, T2, etc. First thoracic vertebra, second thoracic vertebra, etc. T3 Triiodothyronine T4 Thyroxine TAB Typhoid a and b (vaccines) TAH Total abdominal hysterectomy TAH-BSO Total abdominal hysterectomy-bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy TB Tubercle bacillus TCA Tricyclic antidepressant/to come again TCI To come in TFT Thyroid function tests THA Total hip arthroplasty THR Total hip replacement TJR Total joint replacement TKA Total knee arthroplasty TKR Total knee replacement TL Tubal ligation TLC Tender loving care; total lung capacity TLE Temporal lobe epilepsy TMJ Temporomandibular joint TNM Tumor, nodes, metastases TOP Termination of pregnancy TPHA Treponema pallidum haemoglutination TPN Total parenteral nutrition TPR Temperature, pulse and respiration TSH Thyroid-stimulating hormone TSS Toxic shock syndrome TSSU Theatre sterile supply unit TSSU Transurethral resection (of prostate) TUR Transplant TX Treatment Tx Total parenteral nutrition
U – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning U/A, UA Urinalysis U/O Urine output UC Ulcerative colitis; urine culture, uterine contractions UE Upper extremity UG Urogenital UGI Upper gastrointestinal URI Upper respiratory infection URTI Upper respiratory tract infection US Ultrasound UTI Urinary tract infection UV Ultraviolet UVR Ultraviolet rays
V – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning V.S.; v.s. Vital signs VA Visual acuity VATS Video-assisted thoracoscopy VC Vital capacity (of lungs) VCUG Voiding cystourethrography VD Venereal disease VDRL Venereal disease reference laboratory VE Vaginal examination VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor VF Visual field; ventricular fibrillation Vfib Ventricular fibrillation VO Verbal order VSD Ventricular septal defect VSS Vital signs stable VT Ventricular tachycardia VV Varicose veins Vx Vertex (of fetus)
W – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning WBC White blood cells WR Wassermann reaction WDWN Well-developed and well-nourished WNL Within normal limits
X – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning XR X-ray XRT Radiation therapy
Y – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning y, yr Year y/o Years old
Z – Medical abbreviations Abbreviation Meaning Z; oz Ounce
References Chabner, D. (2018). Medical Terminology: A Short Course (8th ed.). Canada: Elsevier, Inc. Fremgen, B. and Frucht, S. (2016). Medical Terminology: A Living Language (6th ed.). United States: Pearson Education, Inc. Nath, J. and Lindsley, K. (2019). A Short Course in Medical Terminology (4th ed.). China: Wolters Kluwer. Robbins, M. and Wetherfield, J. (1994). Terminology for Medical Administrators. New York: Radcliffe Medical Press Inc. Steiner, S. and Capps, N. (2003). Quick Medical Terminology: A Self-Teaching Guide (5th ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
FAQs
The abbreviations that are used to tell how often medication should be given are:
alt. h. = every other hour. hs = hour of sleep or bedtime. q2h = every two hours (the number can change) qAM = every morning. qd = every day. qh = every hour. qhs = every hour of sleep or at bedtime. qod = every other day.
What are the 20 medical terms? ›
A to Z of medical terms
Abdomen The tummy area from the lower ribs to the pelvis. Anthracyclines Antibiotic drugs used in cancer chemotherapy. Antibiotics Medicines to fight an infection caused by bacteria. Antibody Blood protein that helps fight attacks on the immune system, such as those caused by bacteria and viruses.
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What are the most common medical abbreviations? ›
List of abbreviations
Abbreviation Meaning LA local anaesthetic LDL low-density lipoprotein (a type of cholesterol) LFT liver function test (a type of blood test measuring enzymes and proteins in your liver) LMP last menstrual period
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What are the drug abbreviations? ›
Drug test strip abbreviations Table
Drug Abbreviation Full Drug Name MET/MAMP Methamphetamine MOP Morphine MPD Methylphenidate (RITALIN) MTD Methadone
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What are the medical abbreviations commonly used for prescription dosing? ›
Common Medical Abbreviations on Prescriptions
Abbrev. Latin Meaning PO per os Orally (by mouth) BID bis in die Twice a day TID ter in die Three times a day QID quater in die Four times a day
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What are the 20 words associated with medicine? ›
medicine
antibiotic. cure. drug. medication. pharmaceutical. pill. prescription. remedy.
What is Med 121 medical terminology? ›
This course introduces prefixes, suffixes, and word roots used in the language of medicine . Topics include medical vocabulary and the terms that relate to the anatomy, physiology, pathological conditions, and treatment of selected systems.
What are some common phrases used in clinical coding? ›
Commonly Used Medical Billing and Coding Acronyms
Accountable Care Organization (ACO) ... American Medical Association (AMA) ... Center for Medicaid and Medicare Services (CMS) ... Charge Description Master (CDM) ... Coordination of Benefits (COB) ... Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) ... Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRG)
What does om mean in pharmacy? ›
o. m. = omni mane (every morning) o. n. = omni nocte (every night) p. c. = post cibum (after food) p. r. n. = pro re nata (when required) q. d. s. = quater die sumendum (to be taken four times daily)
What are the abbreviations used in pharmacokinetics? ›
4LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Abbreviation Definition PD Pharmacodynamics PI Principal Investigator(s) PK Pharmacokinetics PO Oral
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Pharmacy Abbreviations
Abbreviation Meaning i.c. between meals IM intramuscular inf infusion inj injection
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What does sh mean from a girl? ›
“SH” has found its way into this digital lexicon, and it often stands for “self-harm ” in the context of mental health. When teenagers use “SH” in their texts or online conversations, they might be referring to the challenging and sensitive topic of intentional self-injury. In another context, it could mean “same here.”
What does BD mean in text? ›
Text message abbreviations and acronyms
Abbreviation Meaning BD Big deal BDAY Birthday BFF Best friends forever BFD Big freaking deal
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What does 0 0 mean on a prescription? ›
"0" means nill dose of the medication that should be taken in the morning , "0" means nill doses of the medication that should be taken in the afternoon, "1" means one dose of prescribed medication should be taken in the evening or at bedtime.
What is OD BD and HS? ›
BDS means twice a day. TDS -thrice a day. HS- at bedtime. Other common abbreviations are. OD - once a day .
What is the abbreviation for clinical pharmacology? ›
Clin. Pharmacol. ". It is the recommended abbreviation to be used for abstracting, indexing and referencing purposes and meets all criteria of the ISO 4 standard for abbreviating names of scientific journals.
What is the abbreviations frontiers in pharmacology? ›
Title proper: Frontiers in pharmacology. Abbreviated key-title: Front. pharmacol .
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